[2] [4] []Lucian Ghinda All about coding Follow [7]All about coding Follow [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Ruby open source: feedbinRuby open source: feedbin Ruby open source: feedbin [16][]Lucian Ghinda's photoLucian Ghinda's photo [17]Lucian Ghinda ·[18]Nov 17, 2023· 11 min read Table of contents • [19] The product • [20] Open source □ [21] License • [22] Technical review □ [23] Ruby and Rails version □ [24] Architecture □ [25] Stats □ [26] Style Guide □ [27] Storage, Persistence and in-memory storage □ [28] Gems used □ [29] Code & Design Patterns ☆ [30] Code Organisation ☆ [31] Routes ☆ [32] Controllers ☆ [33] Models ☆ [34] Jobs ☆ [35] Presenters ☆ [36] ApplicationComponents ☆ [37] ComponentsPreview • [38] Testing □ [39] Custom assertions • [40] Conclusion The product [41]https://feedbin.com "Feedbin is the best way to enjoy content on the Web. By combining RSS, and newsletters, you can get all the good parts of the Web in one convenient location" [42][dcaac2f3-3] Open source The open-source repository can be found at [43]https://github.com/feedbin/ feedbin License The [44]license they use is MIT: [45][26c3731c-c] Technical review Ruby and Rails version They are currently using: • Ruby version 3.2.2 • They used a fork of Rails at [46]https://github.com/feedbin/rails forked from [47]https://github.com/Shopify/rails. They are using a branch called [48]7-1-stable-invalid-cache-entries - It seems to be Rails 7.1 and about 1 month behind the Shopify/rails which is usually pretty up to date with main Rails Architecture Code Architecture: • They are using the standard Rails organisation of MVC. Database: • The DB is PostgreSQL Jobs queue: • Sidekiq On the front-end side: • They use .html.erb • They are using Phlex for [49]components • They are using [50]Jquery for the JS library • They have some custom JS code written in [51]CoffeeScript • They are using Hotwire via [52]importmaps • They are using [53]Tailwind Stats Running /bin/rails stats will output the following: [12169b38-4] Running VSCodeCounter will give the following stats: [99f9ce55-5] Style Guide For Ruby: • They are using [54]standardrb as the Style Guide with no customisations. Storage, Persistence and in-memory storage The DB is PostgreSQL. They are not using the schema.rb but the [55]structure.sql format for DB schema dump is configured via application.rb: module Feedbin class Application < Rails::Application # other configs config.active_record.schema_format = :sql # other configs end end Enabled PSQL extensions: • hstore - "data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs" • pg_stat_statements - "track planning and execution statistics of all SQL statements executed" • uuid-ossp - "generate universally unique identifiers (UUIDs)" CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS hstore WITH SCHEMA public; COMMENT ON EXTENSION hstore IS 'data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs'; CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements WITH SCHEMA public; COMMENT ON EXTENSION pg_stat_statements IS 'track planning and execution statistics of all SQL statements executed'; CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp" WITH SCHEMA public; COMMENT ON EXTENSION "uuid-ossp" IS 'generate universally unique identifiers (UUIDs)'; Redis is configured to be used with Sidekiq. This is what the [56]redis initializer looks like: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/config/initializers/redis.rb#L1 defaults = {connect_timeout: 5, timeout: 5} defaults[:url] = ENV["REDIS_URL"] if ENV["REDIS_URL"] $redis = {}.tap do |hash| options2 = defaults.dup if ENV["REDIS_URL_PUBLIC_IDS"] || ENV["REDIS_URL_CACHE"] options2[:url] = ENV["REDIS_URL_PUBLIC_IDS"] || ENV["REDIS_URL_CACHE"] end hash[:refresher] = ConnectionPool.new(size: 10) { Redis.new(options2) } end Further, there is a [57]RedisLock configured like this: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/models/redis_lock.rb#L1 class RedisLock def self.acquire(lock_name, expiration_in_seconds = 55) Sidekiq.redis { _1.set(lock_name, "locked", ex: expiration_in_seconds, nx: true) } end end Further down this is used in a [58]clock.rb (that defines scheduled tasks to run): # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/lib/clock.rb#L8 every(10.seconds, "clockwork.very_frequent") do if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:send_stats:v3", 8) SendStats.perform_async end if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:cache_entry_views", 8) CacheEntryViews.perform_async(nil, true) end if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:downloader_migration", 8) FeedCrawler::PersistCrawlData.perform_async end end every(1.minutes, "clockwork.frequent") do if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:feed:refresher:scheduler:v2") FeedCrawler::ScheduleAll.perform_async end if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:harvest:embed:data") HarvestEmbeds.perform_async(nil, true) end end every(1.day, "clockwork.daily", at: "7:00", tz: "UTC") do if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:delete_entries:v2") EntryDeleterScheduler.perform_async end if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:trial_expiration:v2") TrialExpiration.perform_async end if RedisLock.acquire("clockwork:web_sub_maintenance") WebSub::Maintenance.perform_async end end Gems used Here are some of the gems used: • [59]sax-machine - "A declarative sax parsing library backed by Nokogiri" • [60]feedjira - "Feedjira is a Ruby library designed to parse feeds" • [61]html-pipeline - "HTML processing filters and utilities. This module is a small framework for defining CSS-based content filters and applying them to user provided content" • [62]apnotic - "A Ruby APNs HTTP/2 gem able to provide instant feedback" • [63]autoprefixer-rails - "Autoprefixer is a tool to parse CSS and add vendor prefixes to CSS rules using values from the Can I Use database. This gem provides Ruby and Ruby on Rails integration with this JavaScript tool" • [64]clockwork - "Clockwork is a cron replacement. It runs as a lightweight, long-running Ruby process which sits alongside your web processes (Mongrel/ Thin) and your worker processes (DJ/Resque/Minion/Stalker) to schedule recurring work at particular times or dates" • [65]down - "Streaming downloads using net/http, http.rb, HTTPX or wget" • [66]phlex-rails - "Phlex is a framework that lets you compose web views in pure Ruby" • [67]premailer-rails - "This gem is a drop in solution for styling HTML emails with CSS without having to do the hard work yourself" • [68]raindrops - "raindrops is a real-time stats toolkit to show statistics for Rack HTTP servers. It is designed for preforking servers such as unicorn, but should support any Rack HTTP server on platforms supporting POSIX shared memory" • [69]strong_migrations - "Catch unsafe migrations in development" • [70]web-push - "This gem makes it possible to send push messages to web browsers from Ruby backends using the Web Push Protocol" • [71]stripe-ruby-mock - "A drop-in library to test stripe without hitting their servers" • [72]rails-controller-testing - "Brings back assigns and assert_template to your Rails tests" There are many other gems used, I only selected few here. Browse the [73] Gemfile to discover more. What could be mentioned is that they use their fork for some of the gems included in the file: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/Gemfile # other gems gem "rails", github: "feedbin/rails", branch: "7-1-stable-invalid-cache-entries" # some other gems gem "http", github: "feedbin/http", branch: "feedbin" gem "carrierwave", github: "feedbin/carrierwave", branch: "feedbin" gem "sax-machine", github: "feedbin/sax-machine", branch: "feedbin" gem "feedjira", github: "feedbin/feedjira", branch: "f2" gem "feedkit", github: "feedbin/feedkit", branch: "master" gem "html-pipeline", github: "feedbin/html-pipeline", branch: "feedbin" gem "html_diff", github: "feedbin/html_diff", ref: "013e1bb" gem "twitter", github: "feedbin/twitter", branch: "feedbin" # other gems group :development, :test do gem "stripe-ruby-mock", github: "feedbin/stripe-ruby-mock", branch: "feedbin", require: "stripe_mock" # other gems end # other gem groups Code & Design Patterns Code Organisation Under /app there are 3 folders different from the ones that Rails comes with: • presenters • uploaders • validators The lib folder includes very few extra objects. Most of them seems to be related to communicating with external services. Maybe worth mentioning from lib folder is the [74]ConditionalSassCompressor # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/lib/conditional_sass_compressor.rb#L1 class ConditionalSassCompressor def compress(string) return string if string =~ /tailwindcss/ options = { syntax: :scss, cache: false, read_cache: false, style: :compressed} begin Sprockets::Autoload::SassC::Engine.new(string, options).render rescue => e puts "Could not compress '#{string[0..65]}'...: #{e.message}, skipping compression" string end end end This is used to configure: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/config/application.rb#L47 config.assets.css_compressor = ConditionalSassCompressor.new Routes There is a combination of RESTful routes and non-restful routes. Here is an example from entries in the [75]routes.rb : # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/config/routes.rb#L133 resources :entries, only: [:show, :index, :destroy] do member do post :content post :unread_entries, to: "unread_entries#update" post :starred_entries, to: "starred_entries#update" post :mark_as_read, to: "entries#mark_as_read" post :recently_read, to: "recently_read_entries#create" post :recently_played, to: "recently_played_entries#create" get :push_view get :newsletter end collection do get :starred get :unread get :preload get :search get :recently_read, to: "recently_read_entries#index" get :recently_played, to: "recently_played_entries#index" get :updated, to: "updated_entries#index" post :mark_all_as_read post :mark_direction_as_read end end Controllers The controllers are mostly what I would call vanilla Rails controllers. Three notes about them: • Some of them are responding with JS usually using USJ or JQuery to change elements from the page. • They contain non-Rails standard actions (actions that are not show, index, new, create ...) • There is a namespaced api folder that contains APIs used by mobile apps Here is one simple example for DELETE /entries/:id , the controller looks like this: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/controllers/entries_controller.rb#L238 def destroy @user = current_user @entry = @user.entries.find(params[:id]) if @entry.feed.pages? EntryDeleter.new.delete_entries(@entry.feed_id, @entry.id) end end And here is the view [76]destroy.js.erb : $('[data-behavior~=entries_target] [data-entry-id=<%= @entry.id %>]').remove(); feedbin.Counts.get().removeEntry(<%= @entry.id %>, <%= @entry.feed_id %>, 'unread') feedbin.Counts.get().removeEntry(<%= @entry.id %>, <%= @entry.feed_id %>, 'starred') feedbin.applyCounts(true) feedbin.clearEntry(); feedbin.fullScreen(false) The main pattern adopted to controllers is to have some logic in them and delegate to jobs some part of the processing. The repo contains mostly straight-forward controllers like this one: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/controllers/pages_internal_controller.rb#L1 class PagesInternalController < ApplicationController def create @entry = SavePage.new.perform(current_user.id, params[:url], nil) get_feeds_list end end But also few controllers that include some logic: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/controllers/api/podcasts/v1/feeds_controller.rb#L8 def show url = hex_decode(params[:id]) @feed = Feed.find_by_feed_url(url) if @feed.present? if @feed.standalone_request_at.blank? FeedStatus.new.perform(@feed.id) FeedUpdate.new.perform(@feed.id) end else feeds = FeedFinder.feeds(url) @feed = feeds.first end if @feed.present? @feed.touch(:standalone_request_at) else status_not_found end rescue => exception if Rails.env.production? ErrorService.notify(exception) status_not_found else raise exception end end Even with this structure, I find all controllers easy to read and I think they can be easier to change. Models The app/models folders contain both ActiveRecord and normal Ruby objects. With few exceptions, they are not namespaced. Jobs The jobs folder contains Sidekiq jobs which are used to do processing on various objects. They are usually called from controllers and most of them are async. Here is one job that is caching views: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/jobs/cache_entry_views.rb#L1 class CacheEntryViews include Sidekiq::Worker include SidekiqHelper SET_NAME = "#{name}-ids" def perform(entry_id, process = false) if process cache_views else add_to_queue(SET_NAME, entry_id) end end def cache_views entry_ids = dequeue_ids(SET_NAME) entries = Entry.where(id: entry_ids).includes(feed: [:favicon]) ApplicationController.render({ partial: "entries/entry", collection: entries, format: :html, cached: true }) ApplicationController.render({ layout: nil, template: "api/v2/entries/index", assigns: {entries: entries}, format: :html, locals: { params: {mode: "extended"} } }) end end Presenters There is a [77]BasePresenter and all other presenters are extending it via inheritance: This controller defines a private method called presents: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/presenters/base_presenter.rb#L1 class BasePresenter def initialize(object, locals, template) @object = object @locals = locals @template = template end # ... private def self.presents(name) define_method(name) do @object end end end and it is used like this for example: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/presenters/user_presenter.rb#L2 class UserPresenter < BasePresenter presents :user delegate_missing_to :user # ... more code def theme result = settings["theme"].present? ? settings["theme"] : nil result || user.theme || "auto" end # ... other code end To use the presenters, there is a helper defined in ApplicationHelper will instantiate the proper helper based on the object class: module ApplicationHelper def present(object, locals = nil, klass = nil) klass ||= "#{object.class}Presenter".constantize presenter = klass.new(object, locals, self) yield presenter if block_given? presenter end # more code ... end and it is used [78]like this in views: <% present @user do |user_presenter| %> <% @class = "settings-body settings-#{params[:action]} theme-#{user_presenter.theme}"%> <% end %> ApplicationComponents Components are based on Phlex and they inherit from [79]ApplicationComponent It defines a method to add Stimulus controller in components like this: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/views/components/application_component.rb#L25 def stimulus(controller:, actions: {}, values: {}, outlets: {}, classes: {}, data: {}) stimulus_controller = controller.to_s.dasherize action = actions.map do |event, function| "#{event}->#{stimulus_controller}##{function.camelize(:lower)}" end.join(" ").presence values.transform_keys! do |key| [controller, key, "value"].join("_").to_sym end outlets.transform_keys! do |key| [controller, key, "outlet"].join("_").to_sym end classes.transform_keys! do |key| [controller, key, "class"].join("_").to_sym end { controller: stimulus_controller, action: }.merge!({ **values, **outlets, **classes, **data}) end Where we can also see a bit of hash literal omission at {controller: stimulus_controller, action: } But more interesting that this method that helps defining a Stimulus controller, is the method used to define a Stimulus item that uses binding to get variables from the object where it is used: # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/views/components/application_component.rb#L47 def stimulus_item(target: nil, actions: {}, params: {}, data: {}, for:) stimulus_controller = binding.local_variable_get(:for).to_s.dasherize action = actions.map do |event, function| "#{event}->#{stimulus_controller}##{function.to_s.camelize(:lower)}" end.join(" ").presence params.transform_keys! do |key| :"#{binding.local_variable_get(:for)}_#{key}_param" end defaults = { **params, **data } if action defaults[:action] = action end if target defaults[:"#{binding.local_variable_get(:for)}_target"] = target.to_s.camelize(:lower) end defaults end The part with binding does the following: • stimulus_controller = binding.local_variable_get(:for).to_s.dasherize This line retrieves the value of the local variable for, converts it to a string, and then applies the dasherize method (presumably to format it for use in a specific context, like a CSS class or an identifier in HTML). • Apparently binding.local_variable_get should not be needed as the variable is passed a keyword parameter to the method. But the name of the variable is for which is a reserved word and thus if the code would have been stimulus_controller = for.to_s_dasherize that would have raised syntax error, unexpected '.' (SyntaxError) This is a way to have keyword arguments named as reserved words and still be able to use them. ComponentsPreview All components can be previewed via Lookbook and they can be found in test/ components Testing For testing it uses Minitest, the default testing framework from Rails. It uses fixtures to set up the test db. Tests are simple and direct, containing all preconditions and postconditions in each test. This is great for following what each test is doing. There are controller tests, model tests, job tests and some system tests. There are more controller tests than system tests making the test suite run quite fast. Also the jobs are covered pretty good with testing as there is a log of logic in the jobs. Custom assertions There are some custom assertions created specifically to work with collections: assert_has_keys will check if all keys are included in the hash and assert_equal_ids will check if the two collections provided have the same ids (one being a collection of objects and the other one being a hash). # https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/test/support/assertions.rb#L3 def assert_has_keys(keys, hash) assert(keys.all? { |key| hash.key?(key) }) end def assert_equal_ids(collection, results) expected = Set.new(collection.map(&:id)) actual = Set.new(results.map { |result| result["id"] }) assert_equal(expected, actual) end Conclusion In conclusion, Feedbin is an open-source project that combines RSS feeds and newsletters into a convenient platform. It utilizes Ruby on Rails, PostgreSQL, Sidekiq, and various other technologies to provide a robust and efficient service. The code is well-organized and simple to follow the logic and what is happening. I think it will make it easy for anyone to contribute to this repo. If you want to run this yourself locally you should take a look at the [80] feedbin-docker. ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ Enjoyed this article? 👉 Join my [81]Short Ruby News newsletter for weekly Ruby updates from the community and visit [82][83]rubyandrails.info, a directory with learning content about Ruby. 👐 Subscribe to my Ruby and Ruby on rails courses over email at [84] learn.shortruby.com - effortless learning anytime, anywhere 🤝 Let's connect on [85][86]Ruby.social or [87]Linkedin or [88]Twitter where I post mainly about Ruby and Rails. 🎥 Follow me on [89]my YouTube channel for short videos about Ruby Did you find this article valuable? Support Lucian Ghinda by becoming a sponsor. Any amount is appreciated! Sponsor [91]See recent sponsors | [92]Learn more about Hashnode Sponsors [93]Ruby[94]Ruby on Rails[95]Open Source[96]coding[97]Programming Blogs References: [2] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ [4] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/?source=top_nav_blog_home [7] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/?source=top_nav_blog_home [8] https://twitter.com/lucianghinda [9] https://github.com/lucianghinda [10] https://shortruby.com/ [11] https://hashnode.com/@lucianghinda [12] https://app.daily.dev/lucianghinda [13] https://linkedin.com/in/lucianghinda [14] https://ruby.social/@lucian [15] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/rss.xml [16] https://hashnode.com/@lucianghinda [17] https://hashnode.com/@lucianghinda [18] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin [19] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-the-product [20] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-open-source [21] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-license [22] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-technical-review [23] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-ruby-and-rails-version [24] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-architecture [25] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-stats [26] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-style-guide [27] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-storage-persistence-and-in-memory-storage [28] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-gems-used [29] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-code-amp-design-patterns [30] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-code-organisation [31] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-routes [32] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-controllers [33] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-models [34] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-jobs [35] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-presenters [36] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-applicationcomponents [37] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-componentspreview [38] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-testing [39] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-custom-assertions [40] https://allaboutcoding.ghinda.com/ruby-open-source-feedbin#heading-conclusion [41] https://feedbin.com/ [42] https://feedbin.com/about [43] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/LICENSE.md [44] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/LICENSE.md [45] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/LICENSE.md [46] https://github.com/feedbin/rails [47] https://github.com/Shopify/rails [48] https://github.com/feedbin/rails/tree/7-1-stable-invalid-cache-entries [49] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/tree/main/app/views/components [50] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/Gemfile#L38 [51] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/tree/main/app/assets/javascripts/web [52] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/abf1ad883dab8a3464fe12e4653de6323296175b/config/importmap.rb#L1 [53] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/abf1ad883dab8a3464fe12e4653de6323296175b/Gemfile#L66 [54] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/abf1ad883dab8a3464fe12e4653de6323296175b/Gemfile#L94 [55] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/db/structure.sql [56] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/abf1ad883dab8a3464fe12e4653de6323296175b/config/initializers/redis.rb#L1 [57] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/app/models/redis_lock.rb#L1 [58] https://github.com/feedbin/feedbin/blob/main/lib/clock.rb#L8 [59] 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